What can a dirty air filter lead to in terms of furnace components?

A dirty air filter can significantly reduce airflow through the furnace system. When the air filter is clogged with dirt and debris, it restricts the amount of air that can pass through. This reduced airflow can cause several issues, particularly impacting the heat exchanger. When the heat exchanger does not receive enough air, it can become excessively hot as the furnace works harder to produce the necessary heat. This overheating may lead to potential damage to the heat exchanger, which can cause further complications like improper furnace operation or even safety hazards.

The increased thermal efficiency typically associated with clean filters would not apply here; rather, a dirty filter would decrease efficiency due to the strain on the system. Similarly, while frequent cycling might occur as the furnace attempts to compensate for reduced airflow, the most critical issue caused by a dirty air filter is indeed the overheating of the heat exchanger. Thus, management of air filters is crucial to maintain proper airflow and ensure the furnace operates effectively, preventing overheating and extending the equipment's lifespan.